AI “Ethics by Design”: The Unethical Transfer of an Intransitive Human Characteristic to AI Artifacts

This conceptual paper argues that the “ethics by design” approach underlines an unethical idea as inherent human properties (reflexivity, concerns, agency, free will) may be transferred to AI. Instead, I propose a redefinition of ethical actions in AI context while the AI in itself can be described by competency, reliability or safety rather than ethical issues

PROFESSIONAL AND CORPORATE DYNAMICS OUTSIDE THE COMPANY: ROLES OF INTERNET FORUMS IN CHANGE APPROPRIATION

This paper analyzes the use of an internet forum by employees of a retail chain in France to exchange information and discuss about a major corporate change. We show how the forum takes on core functions being neglected by the company and how it contributes to the appropriation of change. Through detailed analysis of the posts, we identity the professional logic at work and link it to corporate dynamics. This helps explaining, among others, the homogeneity of the topics discussed, which directly deal with change issues, and the defusing of a massive rejection of change. The method used to analyze the posts (combining human and partially automatic processing) and the criteria used to identify professional dynamics also have a broader academic interest

Persistent Paradoxes in Pluralistic Organizations: A Case Study of Continued Use of Shadow-IT in a French Hospital

In times when employees increasingly use private IS in their workplaces, organizations need to bring into balance use of authorized with non-authorized systems. We entered the field with the aim to understand how this is possible but ended up seeing a paradox: Doctors in a French hospital continued to use WhatsApp and other technologies to share sensitive patient data and management let them proceed despite the fact that this practice violated the law and numerous organizational policies. Using grounded theory methodology, we increasingly understood that the underlying problem was one where over-arching institutional logics informed agency of different groups within the organization whose pragmatic decisions to go about their work let the paradox that we saw persist. We thus build theory around why paradoxes persist in organizations and contribute to research on paradoxes and institutional logics, respectively

Telemedicine in Dentistry, Lessons to be Learned: A Case Study

Most of the telemedicine projects do not pass the pilot stage. A comprehensive evaluation of telemedicine pilot projects is needed in order to improve their success rate and to create a knowledge base for future projects. In this paper we address this issue through the study case on a pilot teledentistry project with 5 different implementation sites. A literature review of teledentistry and telemedicine in general, points towards a rather one sided approach when evaluating these projects. The organizational aspect does not seem to be a priority in these evaluations while we consider its crucial impact on project’s continuity and adoption. To support this assumption we use a healthcare information systems implementation perspective which allowed us to assess the adoption barriers for the teledentistry pilot. We make assumptions on how it could be used for telemedicine pilots and for telemedicine projects in general. We have collected data using qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews and non participant observation of teledentistry activities and meetings related to the project. After drawing the dental teleconsultation process and observing that most of it turns around electronic medical records(EMR) we focused to identify all potential adoption barriers and linking them with the list of EMR adoption barriers by Paré et al. (2014). We have identified 23 adoption barriers for teledentristry: 4 in 5/5 implementation sites, 1 in 4/5 sites, 6 in 3/5 sites, 2 in 2/5 sites and 10 in 1/5 sites. Out of the 23 teledentistry adoption barriers, 17 have been linked with EMR adoption barriers. By adding the remaining 6 items to the EMR adoption barriers list and adapting the items to the telemedicine context we propose a telemedicine pilot project adoption barriers list

From liking to not liking: A proposed experiment design to explore consumer perceptions of health wearable notifications

Despite the increase in the adoption of health-wearables, most studies have focused on intentions to use the wearables, with less focus on perceptions related to their use, particularly how consumers perceive the interruptiveness of notifications the wearables provide to alert consumers or state that requires their attention. Based on the argument that wearable notifications influence consumer perceptions, we propose an experiment to develop and test a hybrid model anchored in mere exposure theory that suggests an inverted-U-shaped distribution for notification liking, where familiarity with the notifications through repeated exposure drives increased liking, while habituation, fatigue, and notification satiation drive a simultaneous decrease in liking. We propose to test this model using a vignette-based factorial survey approach. Highlighting changes in consumers’ perceptions related to the interruptiveness of wearable notifications, we expect to contribute to IS research by adapting mere exposure effect and the literature that are currently focused on adoption decisions

Unpacking the Difference Between Digital Transformation and IT-Enabled Organizational Transformation

Although digital transformation offers a number of opportunities for today’s organizations, information systems scholars and practitioners struggle to grasp what digital transformation really is, particularly in terms of how it differs from the well-established concept of information technology (IT)-enabled organizational transformation. By integrating literature from organization science and information systems research with two longitudinal case studies—one on digital transformation, the other on IT-enabled organizational transformation—we develop an empirically grounded conceptualization that sets these two phenomena apart. We find that there are two distinctive differences: (1) digital transformation activities leverage digital technology in (re)defining an organization’s value proposition, while IT-enabled organizational transformation activities leverage digital technology in supporting the value proposition, and (2) digital transformation involves the emergence of a new organizational identity, whereas IT-enabled organizational transformation involves the enhancement of an existing organizational identity. We synthesize these arguments in a process model to distinguish the different types of transformations and propose directions for future research

Adoption of Digital Allergy Card: A Mixed-Methods Approach

Due to the recent growth in the number of Personal Health Records (PHR) as well as the necessity for the development of digital solutions for reliable and accurate documentation of drug allergies, there is a need to explore digital solution as a Digital Allergy Card (DAC). Despite the advantage of using DAC, there are obstacles to taking this solution. While several studies raised privacy concerns as the key barrier to DAC adoption, there is no clear understanding of the variability of these concerns in relation to other factors which may overcome them. Therefore, drawing on situational privacy calculus theory, we propose a mixed-methods approach to assess the trade-off between perceived benefits and privacy concerns in different situations regarding DAC use. This study will provide insights to both academics and practitioners on PHR adoption by the identification of contextual determinants which can influence the adoption of a DAC

Pertinences et impuissances d’une politique globale de changement autour des TICE face aux stratégies d’acteurs

Cet article présente le déploiement de l’Environnement Numérique de la Formation Initiale de Télécom Paris à la fois comme un élément inscrit de manière plus globale dans une politique de changement organisationnel menée par l’école, un instrument de ce changement et un objet socio-technique que les enseignants-chercheurs s’approprient. Par conséquent, si innovation pédagogique il y a, elle est moins liée à l’institutionnalisation du changement qu’aux initiatives locales et utilisations novatrices qui permettent d’appréhender un cours d’une manière différente.This paper presents the implementation of a web-based system for the academic programs at Telecom Paris, as a part of the policy of organizational change led by the school, an instrument of this change and a socio-technical object that the academic staff appropriates. As a result, if pedagogic innovation there is, it is less linked to the institutionalisation of change than to local initiatives and to the innovative uses which allow to teach in a different way

Unpacking the Difference Between Digital Transformation and IT-Enabled Organizational Transformation

Although digital transformation offers a number of opportunities for today's organizations, information systems scholars and practitioners struggle to grasp what digital transformation really is, particularly in terms of how it differs from the well-established concept of information technology (IT)-enabled organizational transformation. By integrating literature from organization science and information systems research with two longitudinal case studies-one on digital transformation, the other on IT-enabled organizational transformation-we develop an empirically grounded conceptualization that sets these two phenomena apart. We find that there are two distinctive differences: (1) digital transformation activities leverage digital technology in (re)defining an organization's value proposition, while IT-enabled organizational transformation activities leverage digital technology in supporting the value proposition, and (2) digital transformation involves the emergence of a new organizational identity, whereas IT-enabled organizational transformation involves the enhancement of an existing organizational identity. We synthesize these arguments in a process model to distinguish the different types of transformations and propose directions for future research

Rethinking appropriation of IT: back to the Marxist concept

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